Asdfg - 2252 Words

Oxford’s Research-Based Affirmative Action December 10, 2010, 2:58 pm By Richard Kahlenberg A large-scale British study, released last week, gives new empirical support for the drive to provide affirmative action to â€Å"strivers,† less advantaged students who, despite obstacles, perform fairly well academically. The research finds that students who attended regular â€Å"comprehensive† (public) secondary schools did better in college than those who scored at the same level on standardized admissions exams and attended â€Å"independent† (private) or â€Å"grammar† (selective public) schools. Pointing to the study last week, Oxford University’s dean of undergraduate admissions, Mike Nicholson, created waves when he declared that students who do well at†¦show more content†¦fee-paying) schools which educate 7% of the UK school-age population. Somehow, its admissions tutors may be missing the potential. arrive2__net - December 14, 2010 at 7:47 pm I think this provides good support for the ideas of providing opportunities for upward mobility for deserving students regardless of their social background. However, the American variables used in the research may not the true equivalent of what the British mean by ‘striver’. Perhaps the researchers should re-examine the data to seem if a true demographic equivalent exists. Since public schools in the US don’t usually have the comprehensive v grammar dichotomy, maybe there is no true equivalent. Also, the existence of magnet, charter, and parochial schools in the US may mean that the American counterparts to strivers are not necessarily co-located in the same schools. Bernard Schuster Arrive2.net Affirmative Action in College Admissions The concept of affirmative action often sparks bitter turmoil in both the popular press and U.S. society as a whole. You may know that affirmative action is often cited as a way to combat an historical, ongoing, and ever-evolving presence of discrimination within society. You probably also have your own opinions on affirmative action, particularly in regard to college admissions. WhatShow MoreRelatedRisk Management And Network Security1028 Words   |  5 Pagesthis is why it is so important to include in this guideline to always use hard to guess passwords. It is important to instruct end user to not use obvious passwords, like â€Å"password,† â€Å"cat,† or obvious character sequences on the qwerty keyboard, like â€Å"asdfg† and â€Å"12345.† It’s better to use complex passwords. Include different letter cases, numbers, and even punctuation, it is also important to use different passwords for different websites and computers. So if one gets hack ed, other of the user accounts

The No Child Left Behind Act - 797 Words

The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was passed in 2001.This law mandates that all students are required to have access to the general education curriculum and participate in accountability testing. Specifically â€Å"all students with disabilities should have access to, participate in, and make progress in, the general curriculum,† (Ayres, K. M., Lowrey, K. A., Douglas, K. H., Sievers, C., 2011). The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) of 2004 ensures students with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE), meaningful, and in the least restrictive environment. There is a huge disconnect between implementing both laws because NCLB holds stakeholder’s accountable for teaching students with severe disabilities from the general curricula but on the other hand IDEA mandates students learn from an individualized curricula that support their post- secondary needs. Parents and educators are unsatisfied by the governments attempt to priori tize, teaching students with severe disabilities, the general curriculum standards over functional skills curriculum. A researcher re-states a parents comments on the influence of the general standards impact on the functional progression of her child, â€Å"My son can identify Saturn but he still can’t request a snack or even wipe his ass.† Parents would like a curriculum that focuses on meeting the students’ independency with life skills rather than academic curricula. This has pushed parents to take charge ofShow MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the act, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought t he Title 1 funding that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review: Every Student Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of itsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act875 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act â€Å"NCLB† was a bill passed by the Senate in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. It was a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act â€Å"ESEA† of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NCLB was intended to help children in lower-income families achieve the same standard of education as children in higher income families. This was done by the federal government providing extra finances for Title I schools in exchange for a rise in academicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Wor ds   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesuccessful at it. (Source 7) Next, the â€Å"No Child left behind Act† it was signed by President George W. Bush and it passed with bipartisan support on Jan. 8, 2002. This Act states that there will be mandated annual testing in the subject reading and math and science. In the grades 3-8 and 10th grade. It shows the Adequate Yearly Progress of each school in the system of the United States. (source 1) The biggest point of this Act is that no child is â€Å"trapped in a failing school† (source 1). That eachRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act2120 Words   |  9 PagesWhen President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities†™ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversightRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1988 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 8, 2002, George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law (also known as the NCLB). The No Child Left Behind Act was the latest reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, a federal education bill addressing the nation’s schools. At his signing ceremony, Bush stated, â€Å"There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child—and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children—every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’reRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was the biggest educational step taken by president Bush and his administration. Its main goal included the increase of achievement in education and completely eliminate the gap between different racial and ethnic grou ps. Its strategies had a major focus on uplifting test scores in schools, hiring â€Å"highly qualified teachers† and deliver choices in education. Unluckily, the excessive demands of the law have not succeeded in achieving the goals that were set, and have causedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1747 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NALB) was signed into law by the former President of the United States George Walker Bush on the 8th of January 2002. It was a congressional attempt to encourage student achievement through some reforms focused on elementary and secondary education programs in the United States. The NCLB requires that within a decade all students including those with disabilities to perform at a proficient level on their state academic evaluation testsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 PagesChristian J. Green Dr. Shoulders NCLB and ESSA 28 February 2016 The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could

My Daily Activity Free Essays

My Daily Activities Every Monday until Friday, I wake up at 5. 00 A. M. We will write a custom essay sample on My Daily Activity or any similar topic only for you Order Now I press the snooze button two times every morning before I turn off the alarm and get up. I perform my morning routine of washing my face, and brushing my teeth. After that, I usually read for the next lesson. After time show at 5:30 A. M, immediately I start to worship until 5:30 A. M. The next activity I do breakfast. I usually buy cereal with fruits or hot poridge. I always eat breakfast every day, because if I do not eat breakfast, I always feel headache. After breakfast, I take my shower. After my shower, I get dressed. Before I going to campus, I usually clean up my bedroom, sweep floor, and tidy up my desk. I go to campus by public transportation but sometimes join with my friend’s vehicle. Usually, I study at campus until 12:30 P. M. Sometimes if there are two class schedules, I usually go back to my temporary house just for relax and lunch. Then, after having lunch I return to my campus and continue with skills lab until 4:00 P. M. I usually go home at 4. 15 PM, after that I start to do the assignment which given by lectures. When the evening is gone and it is night, I have some time to watch the TV entertainment and preparing to go Briton’s for English Course. I take 30 minutes to go Briton and I learning in there 1 hour and 30 minutes . After that, I go back home. I usually manage to go to bed around 9. 0 PM. That’s all what I do in every Monday and Friday. And on weekends, on Saturday, I go to Church. On Sunday mornings, I get up later than usual. Then I often go shopping downtown with my friends. Sometimes we go for a picnic in the countryside or doing something activites. On rainy Sundays, I stay at home reading books, listening to music and ometimes I practice my listening skill or browsing Internet with my computer. I am quite happy with my daily activities. ^^b How to cite My Daily Activity, Essay examples

The Effect of the Prospero free essay sample

The Tempest, Shakespeare makes the reader feel sorry for Caliban and resentful of Prospero. Even before Caliban appears on the stage, he is portrayed by Prospero as being a deformed and bestial being. Prospero creates this through his mistreatment of Caliban and his protrayal of Caliban as an animal. However, Shakespeare does give Caliban a voice. Everytime Prospero attempts to suppress him, Caliban is always able to fight back with arguments. One thing that Caliban and Prospero share in common is that others have exercised authority over them; Antonio over Prospero and Prospero over Caliban. The relationship between Prospero and Caliban suggests that the birth of colonialism was not only due to the exploitative attitudes of the colonizer, but is partly due to the dependency of the natives on the superior others. The Prospero-Caliban relationship resembles Cesaire’s argument about how colonization dehumanizes both the colonizer and the colony. To Prospero, Caliban is like an animal that he could rack with cramps, fill his bone with cramps as well as make him â€Å"roar† that shall make the beasts tremble if he does not obey Prospero’s commands (Shakespeare, I, 2, 369-371). We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of the Prospero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here, both the savage treatments and the verb ‘roar’ reflect Prospero’s bestial view of Caliban’s being, embodying Cesaire’s argument about how colonization makes the colonizer get into the habit of seeing and treating other men as animals (Cesaire, p. 41). At the same time, as Cesaire said and as I will argue below, colonization also objectively transforms the colonizer into an animal. If we go back to Caliban’s story of how he first met Prospero and Miranda, we would agree that at the beginning Caliban and Prospero had a relationship similar to father and son. Caliban used to love him and appreciate what he had taught him; â€Å"he (Prospero) made much of me.. Teach me how to name the bigger light.. † (Shakespeare, I, 2, 333 and 335). Caliban had come to trust him so much that he then revealed the richness of the island to Prospero. Heartlessly, Prospero repays all that with persecution. Not only his treatment of Caliban resembles his inhumane personality but even Miranda, his own daughter, is often silenced by Prospero. Although he loves her so much and she is one of his most precious treasures, Prospero does suppress her voice throughout the play. Another example that shows Prospero’s dehumanized characteristic is his mistreatment of Ferdinand. He enslaves Ferdinand and portrays him as a bestial being just like Caliban. Prospero’s ambition to take over the land from Caliban turns him into a ruthless person and the way he treats Caliban, Miranda, and Ferdinan resembles his dehumanized personality. Colonialism not only accustoms the colonizers to see and treat the other men as animals, but it unconsciously transforms them into animals themselves. The way Shakespeare describes Caliban as savage, bestial, deformed, â€Å"howling monster† (Shakespeare, II, 2, 188), â€Å"moon-calf† (Shakespeare, II, 2, 111-112), â€Å"poisonous slave† (Shakespeare, I, 2, 318), â€Å"a born devil† (Shakespeare, IV, 189), and moreover the way Prospero ruthlessly treats him promotes the idea of dehumanization of the colonies. Nonetheless, The Tempest is ambivalent in promoting the idea of colonial enterprise. Caliban’s sufferings encourage the reader to sympathize with him, but that is true only at the beginning of the play. Towards the end, Caliban starts to enslave himself. He decides to make Sebastian his master to replace Prospero. He even declares himself a slave, â€Å"For aye thy footlicker† (Shakespeare, IV, 1, 219) and more surprisingly he refuses to be freed by Prospero at the end of the play. This strongly implies that Shakespeare represents Caliban as a dependent being; giving him the option to live independently yet having him choose to follow and serve Prospero instead. Although The Tempest is ambivalent in promoting the colonial enterprise, it does show resentment toward colonialism by showing how Caliban detests the mistreatment of Prospero. By emphasizing Caliban’s dependency, Shakespeare seems to agree that the birth of colonization was not only due to the exploitative attitudes of the colonizer but in fact was partly due to the dependency of the natives on the superior others. The justification of colonialism is a conviction Shakespeare tries to embed in The Tempest. However, Shakespeare clearly shows that slavery is socially neither an appropriate nor acceptable relationship. Regardless of his dependency on superior others, Caliban dislikes all the inhuman treatment he got from Prospero. This mistreatment not only results in hatred but also leads Caliban to consider killing Prospero.

20 Quotes for People Who Would Rather Be at the Beach

20 Quotes for People Who Would Rather Be at the Beach Its time to head to the beach. The wind blows through your hair. The warm sun bathes your skin. Soft, golden sand caresses your feet. The waves sing to a perfect rhythm and the coconut trees gently sway against the breeze. If you love the sun and the sea, the beach is the right destination for you. So, grab your suntan lotion and your Frisbee and go frolicking to the beach. For those times when you are not at the beach, get into the right state of mind with beachy quotes. Annie Dillard ï » ¿The sea pronounces something, over and over, in a hoarse whisper; I cannot quite make it out. Isak Dinesen The cure for anything is salt water - sweat, tears, or the sea. H. M. Tomlinson Most of us, I suppose, are a little nervous of the sea. No matter what its smiles may be, we doubt its friendship. Ambrose Bierce Ocean: A body of water occupying two-thirds of a world made for man, who has no gills. Anne Morrow Lindbergh The sea does not reward those who are too anxious, too greedy, or too impatient. One should lie empty, open, choiceless as a beach - waiting for a gift from the sea. One cannot collect all the beautiful shells on the beach; one can collect only a few, and they are more beautiful if they are few. Henry Beston The three great elemental sounds in nature are the sound of rain, the sound of wind in a primeval wood, and the sound of outer ocean on a beach. Isaac Newton To myself, I am only a child playing on the beach, while vast oceans of truth lie undiscovered before me. William Manchester The coconut trees, lithe and graceful, crowd the beach like a minuet of slender elderly virgins adopting flippant poses. G. K. Chesterton Where does a wise man kick a pebble? On the beach. Where does a wise man hide a leaf? In the forest. Michelle Held Dont grow up too quickly, lest you forget how much you love the beach. Farmers Almanac A real friend is someone who takes a winter vacation on a sun-drenched beach and does not send a card. T. S. Eliot I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each. Henry David Thoreau My life is like a stroll on the beach... as near to the edge as I can go. William Stafford Even the upper end of the river believes in the ocean. Corey Hart Along the beach, I never collected shells from my fathers shore. Barbara Wilson Thats where we used to put our chairs. Way out there where that wave is rolling. Our beach is under that water. Anne Spencer One cannot collect all the beautiful shells on the beach. Cathy Haynes The more we have growth along our beaches and barrier islands, shelter is always going to be an issue. Charles Williams I dont care how much lip service they give you about it, there is this culture in Atlantic Beach that believes this nonsense is okay.

Definition of Examples in Rhetoric

Definition of Examples in Rhetoric In rhetoric, an example is a particular instance that serves to illustrate a principle or support a claim. It is also known as exemplum  and is related to  example (composition). Examples that serve a  persuasive purpose  are  a type of  inductive reasoning.  As Phillip Sipiora points out in his discussion of rhetorical  kairos, [T]he  concept of the example is itself a critical dimension of the  rhetorical  logical appeal, or argument (at least in Aristotles theory of  rhetoric, the  most comprehensive extant treatment of classical rhetoric)  (Kairos: The Rhetoric of Time and Timing in the New Testament.  Rhetoric and Kairos, 2002).Examples are supplementary evidence, notes  Stephen Pender. As a weaker form of persuasion, examples are employed only when enthymemes are unsuited to an argument or audience... Yet examples have their place in reasoning (Rhetoric and Medicine in Early Modern Europe, 2012). Commentary Our whole economy hangs precariously on the assumption that the higher you go the better off you are, and that unless more stuff is produced in 1958 than was produced in 1957, more deer killed, more automatic dishwashers installed, more out-of-staters coming into the state, more heads aching so they can get the fast fast fast relief from a pill, more automobiles sold, you are headed for trouble.(E.B. White, A Report in January. Essays of E.B. White. Harper, 1977)There were aspects of living in that house overlooking the Pacific that he failed to mentionhe failed to mention for example the way the wind would blow down through the canyons and whine under the eaves and lift the roof and coat the white walls with ash from the fireplace, he failed to mention for example the king snakes that dropped from the rafters of the garage into the open Corvette I parked below, he failed to mention for example that king snakes were locally considered a valuable asset because the presence of a king s nake in your Corvette was understood to mean (I was never convinced that it did) that you didn’t have a rattlesnake in your Corvette . . ..(Joan Didion, Blue Nights. Alfred A. Knopf, 2011 Aristotle on Factual and Fictitious Examples Aristotle divides examples into factual and fictitious, the former relying on historical experience and the latter invented to support the argument... Holding together the categories of example... are two major ideas: first, that concrete experience, especially when it is familiar to an audience, is highly significant; and, second, that things (both material objects and events) repeat themselves. (John D. Lyons, Exemplum, in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) Persuasive Examples As Quintilian defined it, an example adduces some past action real or assumed which may serve to persuade the audience of the truth of the point which we are trying to make (V xi 6). If, for instance, a rhetor wants to convince her neighbor that he should keep his dog inside the fence that surrounds his property, she can remind him of a past instance when another neighbors dog, running free, spread another neighbors garbage all over both front yards. Rhetorical examples should not be confused with the particulars used in inductive reasoning. This rhetor has no interest in generalizing about all dogs in the neighborhood but is only concerned to compare the actual behavior of one dog running free to the probable behavior of another in similar circumstances...Rhetorical examples are persuasive because they are specific. Because they are specific, they call up vivid memories of something the audience has experienced. (S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004) Further Reading 40 Essay Topics: ExamplesArgumentExemplumFive Model Paragraphs Developed With ExamplesInductionLogicLogosPersuasion

The governance of international football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The governance of international football - Essay Example Representative, clean, transparent democracies operating at all levels of the football family, leading to self-regulation within football - FIFA, UEFA, member associations and their components would be sufficiently democratic, transparent and well-organized to avoid any form of external political intervention. UEFA should act as a representative voice for the European football family. The Union of European Football Associations, almost always referred to UEFA is the administrative and controlling body for European football. It represents the national football associations of Europe, runs Europe-wide national and club competitions, and controls the prize money, regulations and media rights to those competitions. (Wikipedia) UEFA was founded on June 15, 1954 in Basel, Switzerland following discussions between the French, Italian and Belgian FAs. The headquarters was in Paris until 1959 when the organisation moved to Bern. Henri Delaunay was the first General Secretary and Ebbe Schwartz the president. Its administrative centre since 1995 is in Nyon, Switzerland. It was initially made up of 25 national associations. Currently there are 53 associations. UEFA is one of the biggest of six continental confederations of FIFA. Of all the confederations, it is by far the strongest in terms of wealth and influence over the global game. Virtually all of the world's top players play in European leagues in part due to the salaries available from the world's wealthiest football clubs, particularly in England, France, Italy, Spain and Germany. Many of the world's strongest national sides are in UEFA. Of the 32 available spots in the 2006 World Cup, 14 were allocated to UEFA national teams.(Dyjan 49) Main Missions of UEFA Constitute Ensure a coherent approach to decision-makers and opinion-formers on issues of relevance to European football. Maintain good relations with the other continental football confederations and FIFA. Achieve commercial success and sound finances without distorting the sporting qualities of our competitions. Use UEFA's revenues to support re-investment and re-distribution in the game in accordance with the principle of solidarity between all levels and areas of sport. Target specific aid and assistance to help member associations with the greatest need. Promote positive sporting values, including fair play and anti-racism, as well as safe and secure match environments. (Dyjan 51) FIFA The Fdration Internationale de Football Association, known worldwide by its acronym FIFA, is the international governing body of Football (soccer) and the largest sporting organization in the world. Its headquarters are in Zrich, Switzerland, and its current president is Sepp Blatter. FIFA is responsible for the organisation and governance of football's major international tournaments, most notably the FIFA World Cup, held since 1930. FIFA is the largest sporting governing body and the second largest international organization in the world, after the United Nations, with over two hundred member associations split between six continental regions.(Wikipedia) The laws of football that govern the game are not solely the responsibility of FIFA; they are maintained by a body called the International Football

The impact of Al Jazeera channel relationship with the State of Qatar Dissertation

The impact of Al Jazeera channel relationship with the State of Qatar to other countries - Dissertation Example 20-26, 2007), things have changed abruptly and media’s role has become decisive where breaking news has become a tool for changing of governments, as well as tensions between the nations. In this era of globalization, media has become an evident tool of bringing change through communication around the globe, and evidently, media has been benefiting from this huge authority and responsibility; however, it is an observation (Ingram & Dodds, pp. 58-69, 2009) that it has resulted in increment in governmental crisis in a number of countries. Research Statement In this regard, the researcher will put efforts on the below mentioned research statement to achieve aims and objectives of the research: â€Å"To identify and analyze the impact of Al-Jazeera Channel Relationship with the State of Qatar to other countries† Aims and Objectives Some of the particular aims and objectives of the proposed research are: Identification and analysis of the role of Al-Jazeera Channel in Arab r egion Scrutinize the extent of Al-Jazeera impact on the State of Qatar specifically Study the nature of Al-Jazeera’s relationship with the State of Qatar Investigate the impact of abovementioned relationship on Qatar’s relations with other nations Identify and recommend strategies that may ensure positive impact of studied factors on performance and reward management systems of business organizations Research Questions & Hypotheses In brief, the research will focus on the following research questions: What is the role of Al-Jazeera in Qatar? What is the role of Al-Jazeera in Arab region? What is the role of Al-Jazeera in enhancing/deteriorating relationships of Qatar with other nations/regions? The below-mentioned literature review has led to the following hypothesis, which will be under testing in the process of research: 1. Al-Jazeera is positively under correlation with Qatar. This means that Qatar will be able to resolve its various bilateral issues based on functi ons and operations of Al-Jazeera channel. LITERATURE REVIEW Brief analysis of literature (Miles, pp. 23-29, 2005) has indicated that neighbors Qatar and Saudi Arabia are almost similar in terms of their social and cultural existences, as both seem to be following ultra-sensitive Wahabbism (Tatham, 2005). However, one single notion that differentiates the State of Qatar from Saudi entity is television channel of Al-Jazeera (2011) that has been successful in ensuring an individual identification and social existence of Qatar around the globe. In particular, Al-Jazeera (2011) means ‘the island’ in literal perspective; however, from a critical perspective, Al-Jazeera (2011) is a satellite television channel that has been able to achieve success in a short period; however, has acquired this success with huge volumes of antagonism and controversies for itself, as well as for the State of Qatar (ICWN, 2010). Still, even after huge number of controversies, Al-Jazeera (2011) has been unbeaten in catering roughly thirty-five million Arabs by providing international news. In addition, scrutiny of media reports has indicated that Al-Jazeera (2011) has even been able to create disturbance for big names, such as BBC, CNN, etc by dominating on the news related

The Universal Subordination Of Women To Men Essay

The Universal Subordination Of Women To Men - Essay Example Female subordination is universal in that it transcends every type of social and economic arrangement in societies of every degree of complexity. Ortner argues that the cultural logic behind the assumption of female inferiority is so highly persuasive that people inevitably subscribe to it. For example, in China, the ideology of Taoism equates both yin (the female principle) and yang (the male principle). The opposition or the interaction and alteration of these two forces influence all the phenomena in the universe. Based on this principle, one would assume that males and females are universally valued in the ideology of Chinese culture. However, looking at the social structure, one observes the strongly emphasized patrilineal descent principle, advocating the importance of sons and the absolute authority of fathers in the family. Thus, we can conclude that China is the archetypical patriarchal society (Ortner, 1974, P.69). Considering the actual roles played, power and influence wielded, and the material contributions made by women in Chinese society, which are a one would observe that women are allotted a high status in the system. For instance, the goddess Kuan Yin is the prominent deity, in terms of worship and depiction, in Chinese Buddhism. Thus, in reference to goddess-worshiping in China, like most prehistoric and early historical societies, is a form of matriarchy. Ortner asserts that in her investigation of cultures, she found women to be subordinate to men in every known society. For example, among the matrilineal Crow society, women had highly honorific offices in the Sun Dance. They could become directors of the Tobacco Ceremony and played a more conspicuous part in it than men. They could sometimes play hostess in the Cooked Meet Festival, and were not

Strategies of Financial Forecasting at Strident Marks

Strategies of Financial Forecasting at Strident Marks Financial Forecasting Role of Financial Statements Forecasting The role of financial statement forecasting at Strident Marks is to provide expected future financial statements based on conditions that management expects to exist and the action it expects to take. These statements offer financial managers insight into the prospective future financial condition and performance of the company. Financial statement includes income statement and balance sheet. (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Development of Income Statement Forecast The income statement forecast is a summary of a Strident Marks expected revenues and expenses over some future period, ending with the net income for the period. The sales forecast is the key to scheduling production and estimating production costs. The detailed analysis of purchases, production based wages and overhead costs helps to produce the most accurate forecasts. The costs of good sold are forecasted on the basis of past ratios of cost of goods sold to sales. Following this the selling, general and administrative expenses are forecasted. The estimates of these expenses are fairly accurate because they are generally calculated in advance. Usually, these expenses are not sensitive to the changes in sale, specifically to the reduction in sales in the very short run. After this other income and expenses along with interest expenses are estimated to obtain the net income before taxes. Next to this income taxes are computed based on the applicable tax rate, which is then deducted to arrive at estimated net income after taxes. All of these are then combined into an income statement. Anticipated dividends are deducted from profit after taxes to give the expected increase in retained earnings. This anticipated increase need to agree with the balance sheet forecast figures that are developed next. Development of Balance Sheet Forecast To prepare balance sheet forecast for a particular period say for June 30, Strident Marks utilizes the balance sheet of the previous December 31. Receivables at June 30 can be estimated by adding to the receivable balance at December 31, the total projected credit sales from January through June (for which the estimation is done) and deducting the total projected credit collection for the particular period. Forecasting Assets: In the absence of cash budget, the receivable balance can be estimated on the basis of a receivable turnover ratio. This ratio, which depicts the relationship between credit sales and receivables, should be based on past experience. To obtain the estimated level of receivables, projected credit sales are simply divided by the turnover ratio. If the sales forecast and turnover ratio are realistic, the method will produce a reasonable approximation of receivable balance. The estimated investment in the inventories for a particular period may be based on the production schedule, which in turn is based on the sales forecast. This schedule should represent expected purchases, the expected use of inventory in the production and the expected level of finished goods. On the basis of this information along with the beginning inventory level, an inventory forecast can be made (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Estimates of future inventory can be based on an inventory turnover ratio, instead of the use of production schedule,. This ratio is applied in the similar manner as for the receivables, except that now we solve for the ending inventory position. Inventory Turnover Ratio = cost of goods sold (Ending) Inventory Future net fixed asset are estimated by adding planned expenditures to existing net fixed assets and subtracting from this sum the book value of any fixed assets sold along with depreciation during the period. Fixed assets are fairly easy to forecast because capital expenditure are planned in advance. Forecasting Liabilities and Shareholder Equity: for instance if the company wants to estimate the liabilities for June 30, the accounts payable are estimated by adding the projected purchases for January through June and deducting total projected cash payments for purchases for the period to the balance of December 31. The calculation of the accrued wages and expenses is based on the production schedule and the historical relationship between these accruals and production. The shareholders equity at June 30 will be equity at December 31 plus profits after taxes for the period minus the amount of dividends paid. Generally cash and notes payable (short term bank borrowings) serve as balancing factors in the preparation of forecast balance sheets, whereby assets and liabilities plus shareholders’ equity are brought into balance. Once all the components of the balance sheet are estimated, they are combined into a balance sheet format. (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Importance of Financial Statement Forecast The information that goes into a cash budgets can be used to prepare forecast financial statements. Financial mangers can make direct estimates of all the items on the balance sheet by projecting financial ratios into the future and then making estimates on the basis of these ratios. Receivables, inventories, accounts payable and accrued wages and expenses are frequently based on historical relationships to sales and production when a cash budget is not available. Forecast statements allow us to study the composition of expected future balance sheets and income statements. Financial ratios are computed for analysis of the statements; these ratios and the raw figures may be compared with those for present and past financial statements. Using this information, the financial manager can analyze the direction of change in the financial condition and performance of the company over the past, the present and the future. If the firm is accustomed to making accurate estimates, the preparation of a cash budget, forecast statements or both forces it to plan ahead and to coordinate policy in the various areas of operation. Continual revision of these forecasts keeps the company alert to changing conditions in its environment and in its internal operations. In addition, forecast statements can even be constructed with selected items taking on a range of probable values rather than single point estimates. (Horne, Wachowicz Bhaduri, 2008) Comparison between financial statement forecasting process and budgeting process The budgeting process starts with forecasting of future income statements. These statements are made on monthly or weekly basis and may stretch for twelve months in the future. Both budgeting and forecasting are important management tools that we use to anticipate needs and avoid crisis. (Laura, 2000) Budgeting process gives us information about only the prospective future cash position of the company, whereas forecast statements embody expected estimates of all assets and liabilities as well as of the income statement items. The key differences between budgeting process and forecasting are as follows: The budget obtained by budgeting process is generally more detailed than a forecast. Expenditures are more specifically matched to sources of income in a budget than in a forecast. Budgeting is a tool for management to achieve the objectives, whereas, forecasting is a used by management to formulate the budget. Budgeting is related to future definite period only, whereas, forecasting is related to past, present and future for pure estimation. Budgeting is dependent on forecasting but forecasting is not dependent on the budgeting. The preparation of budgets ids essential to achieve the production targets but the forecasting is essential to prepare a business budget. Budgets are quantitative, whereas, forecasting is qualitative in nature. Budgeting is a business process for management whereas forecasting is a mental process for management. The success of budgeting is dependent on sound forecasting whereas, success of forecasting is dependent on proper use and analysis of scientific and statistical methods. Budgeting process starts after forecasting while the forecasting is a pre process of budgeting. Budgeting is a standard itself whereas forecasting helps in preparing budget as a standard. Budgeting highlights the whole business while the forecasting helps the budget to highlight the business. (Khan, Jain, 2002) References Horne, J.C., Wachowicz, J.M. Bhaduri, S.N. (2008). Fundamentals of Financial Management. Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Khan, M.Y. Jain, P.K. (2002). Financial Management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. Laura, E. (2000). Budgeting for the Future: Why Firms Need to Forecast and Budget Their Cash Flows. Retrieved June 2, 2008, from http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting-reporting/budget-budget-forecasting/622015-1.html

Young Goodman Brown Looses Faith in The Woods Essay -- Young Goodman B

Young Goodman Brown Looses Faith in The Woods    In the story "Young Goodman Brown," written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author introduces evil images to tempt and delude Young Goodman Brown as he made his way through the woods. Goodman Brown, by the end of his journey, understands there is an evil side to human nature and believes that man is doomed by "original sin."    The main character, Goodman Brown is introduced as a well-mannered man who is happily married to Faith. Initially, the language such as "sunset" and "pink ribbons" symbolizes light and a positive environment in Salem Village, where the story takes place. Then, as Goodman Brown journeys through the woods, changes in the environment make him change the way in which he sees the world and people around him.    From the time he decides to go to the woods at night, this peaceful panorama presented in his hometown changes. Evil images like "devil, lonely thick boughs, "1 add an obscure and negative side to the story. He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through and closed immediately behind (p. 62).    This example reflects the change in environment for Goodman Brown after he left the positive world of the village. He felt he was passing through an unseen multitude since he could not know if there was someone concealed by the trees. This situation makes him question: "What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow" (p. 62). Goodman Brown, who wasn't aware of the existence of an evil side to the world, is being introduced to it through the natural objects in the woods, which provided a warning sign of the evil to come.    S... ...ream" (p. 70). Now the natural world and even his wife and fellow Puritans reveal a concept of evil to him. This makes him lose his faith in his religion and his own people. "My faith is gone! ... There is no god on earth; and sin is but a name. Come devil; for to thee is this world given" (p. 67). Whenever the minister talked about the sacred truths of religion, with the bible in his hands: "...then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers" (p.70). His new attitude towards life in the village is a measure of his acceptance of the idea that man is doomed by "original sin."   Work Cited Nathaniel Hawthorne, "Young Goodman Brown," in Literature: Reading and Writing the Human Experience, eds. Richard Abcarian, Marvin Klotz, Peter Richardson, 7th ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), p.62.